The development of community based housing associations in Glasgow : an experiment in the social control of housing

Community based housing associations (CBHAs) are neighbourhood based and locally controlled housing associations, which became the predominant type of association in Glasgow between 1974 and 1984. The thesis examines the historical background to the development of associations, nationally and in Glasgow. It argues that, in contrast to the mainstream of the voluntary movement, with its philanthropic traditions, a distinctive feature of CBHAs has been their emphasis on resident involvement in housing production and allocation. Central to this thesis is a study of various outcomes of the urban planning experiment of CBHAs. The study explores organisational, industrial relations, participatory and political aspects of their development in the light of pertinent theoretical debates in the social science literature and detailed empirical research. It demonstrates how CBHAs have evolved as small but complex organisations and suggests that this complexity reflects the multiple objectives of associations and their complex, changing and uncertain planning and economic environment. It shows that CBHAs, like many voluntary, professional and public sector organisations, have a tendency to certain types of organisational conflict. In terms of their neighbourhood role, the case studies demonstrate that associations are influenced by local conditions, by the dynamics of local accountability, by state agencies and by wider political and economic developments. Continuing the focus on participation and state planning, the thesis draws on theories about participation, power and control which throw light on the housing association experience. It points to organisational, cultural and political influences on resident participation. It analyses the collective action through which associations have sought to modify external constraints and state controls and draws on theoretical debates on the state and social policy in examining different forms of state intervention and control. Finally it examines the role of CBHAs in Glasgow's tenement rehabilitation strategy and its consequences for people and housing in the city.Community based housing associations (CBHAs) are neighbourhood based and locally controlled housing associations, which became the predominant type of association in Glasgow between 1974 and 1984. The thesis examines the historical background to the development of associations, nationally and in Glasgow. It argues that, in contrast to the mainstream of the voluntary movement, with its philanthropic traditions, a distinctive feature of CBHAs has been their emphasis on resident involvement in housing production and allocation. Central to this thesis is a study of various outcomes of the urban planning experiment of CBHAs. The study explores organisational, industrial relations, participatory and political aspects of their development in the light of pertinent theoretical debates in the social science literature and detailed empirical research. It demonstrates how CBHAs have evolved as small but complex organisations and suggests that this complexity reflects the multiple objectives of associations and their complex, changing and uncertain planning and economic environment. It shows that CBHAs, like many voluntary, professional and public sector organisations, have a tendency to certain types of organisational conflict. In terms of their neighbourhood role, the case studies demonstrate that associations are influenced by local conditions, by the dynamics of local accountability, by state agencies and by wider political and economic developments. Continuing the focus on participation and state planning, the thesis draws on theories about participation, power and control which throw light on the housing association experience. It points to organisational, cultural and political influences on resident participation. It analyses the collective action through which associations have sought to modify external constraints and state controls and draws on theoretical debates on the state and social policy in examining different forms of state intervention and control. Finally it examines the role of CBHAs in Glasgow's tenement rehabilitation strategy and its consequences for people and housing in the city

Self-Directed Support: A Review of the Barriers and Facilitators

This is a report on the published literature on the barriers and facilitators of self- directed support. It was undertaken to inform a research study funded by the Scottish Government 2009-2011 that is evaluating initiatives in three local authorities. These initiatives aim to improve take up of self-directed support for people eligible for social care and other public funds. The three test site areas are working to reduce bureaucracy; to make the processes easy and 'light touch'; and to provide training and leadership to people working on these developments. Scottish Government has provided extra money to assist these three authorities and to help people in other areas learn from their experiences

The effect of sample drying temperature on marine particulate organic carbon composition

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Limnology and Oceanography Methods 16 (2018): 286-298, doi:10.1002/lom3.10245.Compositional changes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) throughout the water column trace important processes that underlie the biological pump’s efficiency. While labor-intensive, particle sampling efforts offer potential to expand the empirical POC archive at different stages in the water column, provided that organic composition is sufficiently preserved between sampling and analysis. The standard procedure for preserving organic matter composition in marine samples is to immediately store particles at -80°C to -20°C until they can be freeze-dried for analysis. This report investigates the effect of warmer drying and storage temperatures on POC composition, which applies to the majority of POC samples collected in the field without intention for organic analysis. Particle samples collected off Woods Hole, MA were immediately dried at 56°C, at room temperature, or stored at -80°C until being freeze-dried. Results show that oven- and air-drying did not shift the bulk composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope composition) of POC in the samples relative to freeze-drying. Similarly, warmer drying temperatures did not affect POC thermal stability, as inferred by ramped pyrolysis/oxidation (RPO), a growing technique that uses a continuous temperature ramp to differentiate components of organic carbon by their decomposition temperature. Oven- and air-drying did depress lipid abundances relative to freeze-drying, the extent of which depended on compound size and structure. The data suggest that field samples dried at room temperatures and 56°C are appropriate for assessing bulk POC composition and thermal stability, but physical mechanisms such as molecular volatilization bias their lipid composition.This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship program and the NSF Cooperative Agreement for the Operation of a National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (OCE-0753487)

Assessing the blank carbon contribution, isotope mass balance, and kinetic isotope fractionation of the Ramped Pyrolysis/Oxidation instrument at NOSAMS

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 59 (2017): 179-193, doi:10.1017/RDC.2017.3.We estimate the blank carbon mass over the course of a typical Ramped PyrOx (RPO) analysis (150 to 1000 °C; 5 °C×min-1) to be (3.7 ± 0.6) μg C with an Fm value of 0.555 ± 0.042 and a δ13C value of (-29.0 ± 0.1) ‰ VPDB. Additionally, we provide equations for RPO Fm and δ13C blank corrections, including associated error propagation. By comparing RPO mass-weighted mean and independently measured bulk δ13C values for a compilation of environmental samples and standard reference materials (SRMs), we observe a small yet consistent 13C depletion within the RPO instrument (mean – bulk: μ = -0.8 ‰; ±1σ = 0.9 ‰; n = 66). In contrast, because they are fractionation-corrected by definition, mass-weighted mean Fm values accurately match bulk measurements (mean – bulk: μ = 0.005; ±1σ = 0.014; n = 36). Lastly, we show there exists no significant intra-sample δ13C variability across carbonate SRM peaks, indicating minimal mass-dependent kinetic isotope fractionation during RPO analysis. These data are best explained by a difference in activation energy between 13C- and 12C-containing compounds (13–12ΔE) of 0.3 to 1.8 J×mol-1, indicating that blank and mass-balance corrected RPO δ13C values accurately retain carbon source isotope signals to within 1 to 2‰.J.D.H. was partly supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant number 2012126152; V.V.G. was partly supported by the US National Science Foundation (grants OCE- 0851015 and OCE-0928582), the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute (grant 27040213) and an Independent Study Award (grant 27005306) from WHOI; G.S. and P.K.Z. were supported by the WHOI Postdoctoral Scholar Program with funding provided by NOSAMS (OCE-1239667)